CBPM Conference 2026 · Vol. 2026, Issue 1

Artificial Photosynthesis for Net-Zero Energy Integration in Commercial Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review

Mpidiseng Emash Mohlaba, Lungie Maseko and Tholang David Nena

Keywords: Artificial photosynthesis, Commercial buildings, Net-zero energy buildings, Sustainable energy technologies, Systematic literature review.

Abstract

The transition toward net-zero energy commercial buildings has intensified interest in emerging sustainable technologies capable of enabling low-carbon and self-sustaining energy systems. Among these, artificial photosynthesis has gained growing attention due to its potential to convert solar energy into storable chemical fuels and integrate with building energy systems. This study presents a systematic literature review of research published between 2016 and 2026, examining the role of artificial photosynthesis in net-zero energy integration for commercial buildings. Guided by the PRISMA framework, a structured search was conducted across Scopus AI, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Springer, resulting in the selection of 37 peer-reviewed journal articles for in-depth synthesis. The review analyses technological configurations, energy conversion pathways, system integration strategies and sustainability implications. Findings indicate that while artificial photosynthesis remains at an early developmental stage for building scale applications, it demonstrates strong potential when combined with photovoltaics, hydrogen systems and smart energy management. However, challenges related to efficiency, scalability, cost and policy support persist. The study contributes a consolidated knowledge base and identifies a future research agenda to inform technological development, policy formulation and net-zero energy strategies in commercial building contexts.