CBPM Conference 2026 · Vol. 2026, Issue 1

Geo-Spatial Territorial Conflict Among Residents in Sub-Saharan Africa – A Perspective from Oyo State, Nigeria

Okosun, Senator Endurance, Ogunsesan, Simiat Abimbola, Daniel Adamu, Kanu Kingsley Uchenna, Ipinmoroti, Samuel Adejoro

Keywords: Geo-spatial analysis, Land governance, Oyo State, Territorial conflict

Abstract

Geospatial territorial dispute is an emerging spatial planning issue in most states and countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Nigeria inclusive. This study conducts a thematic review of existing literature to examine the geospatial foundations of territorial conflicts in Oyo State, Nigeria. Synthesis involves data from peer-reviewed articles, GIS-based studies, government documents, and case-study studies. Analysis indicates that the absence of coordinated spatial data systems and poor institutional coordination are contributing factors to the persistent conflicts in Peri-urban areas of Oyo State. Research findings indicate the exploitation of authority by local elites, violations of customary land rights, and the ineffectiveness of dispute resolution systems. The evidence suggests that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) used in participatory boundary demarcation and tenure regularization can reduce conflict by enhancing the transparency and accuracy of planning. Customary authorities, including family heads and traditional rulers, persist in exerting influence over land allocation and utilisation. The disparity among professionals regarding the Nigeria Land Use Act of 1978 should be visited to align with the advocacy for the adoption of modern technology (GIS tools) in order to reduce conflict. The study recommended policy for spatial reforms, multi-stakeholder engagement, and inclusive land registration programs that will mitigate territorial disputes, spatial justice and geospatial governance for a sustainable urbanization in Oyo State and Nigeria in general and other similar urbanizing contexts.