CBPM Conference 2026 · Vol. 2026, Issue 1

Leveraging on digital technologies for assessing cost estimation accuracy in renovation and refurbishment projects towards improved project delivery

K'Homotho Nester Mokhojane, Thabo Khafiso, Nangamso Mtiki

Keywords: Digital technologies, Construction Project Management, Renovation and Refurbishment, Cost Estimation

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of digital technologies on improving cost estimation accuracy in refurbishment projects, with the aim of enhancing project delivery through cost certainty. Conducted in Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, the research utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from 30 structured questionnaires with qualitative insights from 4 semi-structured interviews with construction professionals. Descriptive statistics were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of various estimation tools, while thematic analysis identified key barriers and enablers influencing digital technology adoption. Single coding was applied due to the study’s small, pilot nature and interpretive focus. Findings reveal that advanced tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Laser Scanning Technology (LST) significantly improve estimation accuracy; however, their use is limited by high costs, lack of technical expertise, and insufficient as-built data. Despite the superior precision of these digital solutions, manual estimating methods remain dominant due to resource constraints and resistance to change. The study contributes original insight by linking digital tool adoption directly to cost estimation inaccuracies in R&R projects, rather than only examining adoption barriers as in prior BIM research. It highlights an “effectiveness-adoption gap,” where advanced technologies like BIM and Laser Scanning/LiDAR are highly valued but underused, while simpler tools such as QTO are more widely adopted due to practical constraints. Integrating digital tools with traditional estimation practices is recommended to enhance accuracy, reduce project risks, and improve project cost outcomes in the construction sector.